Apoptosis: is the process of programmed cell death. In Greek, apoptosis translates to "dropping off" of petals or leaves from plants or trees. In cancer, apoptosis is inhibited and the cells are immortalized. Stimulating apoptosis, then, is a means to combating cancer because it allow s unhealthy cells to be replaced by healthy ones – a regenerative process essential to life.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: GM-CSF is a cytokine that functions as a white blood cell growth factor. GM-CSF stimulates stem cells to produce granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and monocytes. (Source: wikipedia)
Neoplasm: Greek for "new growth" a neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue. The growth of this tissue is uncoordinated and can cause a lump or tumor. Neoplasms are benign, pre-malignant or malignant. The term is generally synonomous with the term tumor when a neoplasm has formed a lump.
Ovariectomy: removal of the ovaries. This proceduce is often performed in animal studies to simulate the transition women undergo during menopause.